Background: In the last decades, there have been important developments in the scientific and technological areas of healthcare. On certain occasions this provokes conflict between the patients' rights and the values of healthcare professionals which brings about, within this clinical relationship, the problem of conscientious objection. Aims: To learn the opinions that the Nurses of the Madrid Autonomous Community have regarding conscientious objection. Research design: Cross-cutting descriptive study. Participants and research context: The nurses of 9 hospitals and 12 Health Centers (...) in the Madrid Autonomous Community. The study was done by means of an auto completed anonymous questionnaire. The variables studied were social-demographical and their opinions about conscientious objections. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Ethical Community of Clinical Research of the University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias. Participants were assured of maximum confidentiality and anonymity. Findings: A total of 421 nurses answered the questionnaire. In total, 55.6% of the nurses confirmed they were religious believers, and 64.3% declared having poor knowledge regarding conscientious objection. The matters that caused the greatest objections were voluntary abortions, genetic embryo selection, refusal of blood transfusions, and therapy refusal. Discussion: Different authors state that the most significant cases of conscientious objections for health professionals are those regarding carrying out or assisting in abortions, euthanasia, the practice of assisted reproduction and, finally, the prescription and dispensing of the morning-after pill. In our study, the most significant cases in which the nurses would declare conscientious objections would be the refusal to accept treatment, the selection of embryos after genetic diagnosis preimplantation, the patient’s refusal to receive blood transfusions due to religious reasons and pregnant women’s request for voluntary abortions within the first 14 weeks. Conclusion: Nurses’ religious beliefs influence their opinions regarding conscientious objection. The nurses who declare themselves as religious believers object in a higher percentage than those without religious beliefs. (shrink)

El pensamiento y la actividad del movimiento feminista se ha traducido en una conquista de realidades nuevas y diferentes tendentes a lograr la transformación de la situación de dependencia y sumisión de las mujeres respecto a los hombres. Si bien es cierto que a lo largo de este proceso de emancipación las mujeres han cosechado un innegable éxito en las sociedades democráticas, al menos en lo que se refiere a la construcción legislativa, se mantiene una desigual posición de hombres y (...) mujeres en ámbitos diversos. En este sentido, la aplicación de la Ley de Dependencia, ejemplo en nuestro país de ampliación de los derechos sociales, puede tener el efecto no deseado de contribuir al mantenimiento de los roles tradicionales de hombres y mujeres. (shrink)

There is an increasing demand for ethical and Corporate Social Responsibility practices by companies. This competence has to be introduced in students’ training in business degree programs, and a check must then be done to determine if the students have come to appreciate the importance of CSR commitments. Using the framework of Stakeholders Theory, this work aims to examine students’ perceptions of ethical and CSR practices and commitment to different stakeholders, as well as the factors that lead students to act (...) in a socially responsible way. Furthermore, we hope to identify how the perception of CSR can be improved when Web 2.0 and social media tools that have proven effective in transmitting emotions and values are used in classrooms to teach these ideas. To this end, a survey was carried out in the year 2019 with 1,030 first-year students; it was administered at the beginning of the semester and also at the end of the semester after the training activities had been carried out. The main finding of the research is that students start with the belief that ethics and CSR are developed for reasons of image and legitimacy; however, after receiving training on these topics through tools that take into account emotions and values, they start to value the importance of the company as an agent of social change. The main practical and managerial implication is that methods based on Web 2.0 and social media tools are useful to teach ethics and CSR; the theoretical contribution is that students take into account the welfare of others. This finding contributes to Stakeholder Theory in a higher education context. (shrink)

Child maltreatment is conceived as a public health problem. Therefore, it is appropriate to analyse the explanatory models that deal with this behaviour, reflecting these postulates within the panorama of health education, which makes health professionals responsible for taking action. In order to do this, the theoretical context and the awareness of nursing students in relation to these theories must be analysed. In turn, the use of information and communication technologies in this field should be valued, due to their capacity (...) to manage and systematise information, becoming a relevant tool when training future nursing professionals. Without forgetting that health informatics is a spectrum of multidisciplinary fields that includes the study of the design, development and application of computational techniques to improve healthcare. A review of the scientific literature was carried out, for which primary and secondary sources were consulted, tracing a search for data thanks to the keywords: ‘nursing’; ‘abuse’; ‘children’; ‘education’ and ‘theory’. During the second half of the 20th century, several health paradigms have been developed, which present different pathways to health education. There have also been three generations of theoretical models that attempt to analyse the public health problem of child maltreatment. This reflects the need for a transdisciplinary approach to child abuse, where there is no one explanatory model that is more appropriate than another, but where the choice of the health education paradigm and, within this, the most recommendable theory will depend on each situation. (shrink)

The work of Francisco de Vitoria has always been related to the founding of the Salamanca School and the defense of the rights of the Indians, as well as with the origin of other similar groups as Coimbra, Évora or Mexico that constitute the Iberian School of Peace. But in recent years it has been questioned that Francisco de Vitoria was the only creator of these schools of thought. Some researchers affirm that there were other thinkers before him who should (...) be recognized for this merit. The purpose of this study is to show the originality of Victoria’s doctrines and to see how they were assimilated by the members of the groups that form the Iberian School of Peace. From our point of view, with independence of the recent debates that have emerged around him, Francisco de Vitoria should continue to be considered the creator of the School of Salamanca as well as of the Iberian School of Peace. (shrink)

Religious legislation against heretics was an innovation in the Late Roman Empire and its enforcement involved great difficulties. The provincial governors who, except in the period of the persecution of Christians, had tolerated religious diversity, were to implement exclusion laws against pagans and heretical groups. This paper analyzes the form of interaction between bishops, emperors and judges in the issuing and enforcement of the laws against heretics, as well as casting light on the relevance of episcopal intervention as a method (...) of informing and shaping the imperial will. (shrink)

Voy a comenzar citando a Reyes Mate quien considera que todo pensamiento mira desde algún lugar, está situado. No hay pensamiento sin experiencia ni sin su ubicación. Esta aseveración es imperativa para la antropología contemporánea tan preocupada por hacer explícito el lugar desde el cual se habla o se escribe. En mi condición de antropóloga dedicada al estudio de la violencia y la memoria quiero hacer explícito el lugar desde el cual voy a hablar y a quienes pretendo interpelar. El (...) horizonte a partir del cual hago las siguientes consideraciones es el de la barbarie que ha caracterizado la guerra en Colombia. Entiendo por barbarie algunas prácticas atroces como la desaparición forzada, la tortura, el asesinato individual y colectivo y el desmembramiento, prácticas que vengo estudiando desde hace cerca de treinta años. Aunque mis reflexiones actuales tienen como punto de referencia a las víctimas del conflicto armado, no quiero hablar conceptualmente de ellas como tampoco pretendo hablar por ellas. Quisiera, mas bien, examinar el contexto en el cual familiares y sobrevivientes luchan por preservar las memorias de unos hechos violentos que partieron en dos sus vidas. [Fragmento]. (shrink)

RESUMEN El texto explora, en mujeres mayores de 80 años, la experiencia vivida durante el pe ríodo conocido como La Violencia en Colombia. Se examina el "trauma" que, según la autora, se manifiesta como "rayones", lo que hace difícil traducirlo o interpretarlo, porque solo se percibe a través de la escucha. Se estudia lo que M. Heidegger exploró como "ser-ahí" y "ser-en-el-mundo", esto es, el estar lanzados al mundo en un de terminado contexto donde construimos nuestra subjetividad y aprendemos a (...) vivir, para entenderlo mediante estas experiencias femeninas singulares. ABSTRACT The text explores the experience lived during the period known as The Violence in Colombia by women now over 80. It examines the "trauma" that, according to the author, manifests itself in the form of "scratches", thus making it difficult to translate and interpret given that it is only perceptible through listening. The article discusses M. Heidegger's notions of Dasein and being-in-the-world, that is, our thrownness into the world in a specific context in which we construct our subjectivity and learn how to live, in order to understand them through these singular feminine experiences. (shrink)

La postulación de una ontología socio-corporal en el último recorrido intelectual de Judith Butler reside en un doble desplazamiento. Por un lado, rubrica una concepción de la materialidad que no escinde ni puede escindir al cuerpo de las significaciones sociales que asume. Por el otro, como corolario del primero y quizás más significativo, provoca un desvío respecto del clásico postulado del individualismo ontológico bajo la forma de una crítica al sujeto soberano. Sostenida en este doble desplazamiento, la ontología social corporal (...) ofrece la posibilidad de leer aquí una idea clave para pensar la acción política en términos performativos, bajo la revisión de dos nociones centrales para esta ontología: la categoría de marcos y la noción de precariedad a la hora de comprender a los cuerpos ya siempre en alianza. (shrink)

Los actuales avances en tecnología biomédica han alcanzado resultados hasta ahora inimaginables, tanto en la terapia de enfermedades como en el perfeccionamiento de la especie humana. Es necesario plantearse si el deseo de perfección posee límites precisos, y si es necesario aplicar un principio limitador que garantice el respeto de la naturaleza humana e impida la asunción de riesgos que puedan afectar a generaciones futuras. El principio de precaución se presenta como elemento racionalizador frente a cualquier intento de un progreso (...) ciego o despótico. Pero dicho principio puede derivar hacia concepciones confusas cuando se desliga de su componente constitutivo: la virtud de la prudencia. (shrink)

En este artículo me dispongo a recuperar la experiencia de investigar la vida de seis profesores memorables de la Escuela de Educación Secundaria Nº19 de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, dando cuenta del giro sensorial que dio la investigación al tematizar la intimidad de quién la narra. Identificar las tramas que intervienen en la composición de la memorabilidad en las biografías de los profesores memorables, no fue un proceso directivo, desde arriba y a priori, sino que por el contrario (...) implicó una íntima relación de valorización entre la narradora y los profesores de nuestras prácticas docentes. En cuyo devenir pude reconocer las implicancias de mi propia biografía escolar y profesional, entrenando mi voz de investigadora se coló mi voz de profesora y de cantante, está última en analogía con el lenguaje musical posibilitó relatos consentidos con la intimidad de esta investigación. (shrink)

El trazo gestual y la línea, originarios del campo del dibujo y de las artes visuales, poseen diversas funciones, además de numerosas finalidades comunicativas. En este trabajo realizamos primero un estudio de sus principales funciones: representativa, simbólica, y expresiva. Para posteriormente, corroborar como este elemento gráfico desvela un aporte de información y contenidos determinantes en manifestaciones y disciplinas ajenas a las artes.

Este estudio analiza los resultados obtenidos tras el diseño e implementación de una unidad didáctica sobre las vanguardias artísticas en la asignatura de Historia del Arte de 2.o de Bachillerato basada en el pensamiento histórico, los contenidos actitudinales y la visibilidad de las mujeres artistas. Posteriormente, se analizó la información recogida antes y después de la aplicación de la unidad didáctica de innovación. Los resultados obtenidos nos indican que el alumnado ha desarrollado una visión más completa de las vanguardias artísticas, (...) su contexto y la finalidad de las obras, facilitando su comprensión. Además, esta metodología innovadora ha permitido que el alumnado conozca otra historia del arte, donde las mujeres artistas tienen su papel, además de trabajar contenidos procedimentales y actitudinales, participar más en las clases y adquirir conceptos de segundo orden. (shrink)

Tras su consagración como filósofa de referencia en cuestiones de ética, epistemología social, filosofía feminista y filosofía política, la obra cumbre de Miranda Fricker, _Injusticia epistémica, _ha sido traducida al castellano y publicada por Herder. Doctora en Filosofía por la Universidad de Oxford, Fricker ya había publicado anteriormente, junto con Jennifer Hornsby, _The Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy _, así como recientemente _The Epistemic Life of Groups: Essays in the Epistemology of Collectives _junto con Michael S. Brady. En la (...) obra que aquí nos ocupa, la autora explora dos tipos de injusticias específicamente epistémicas: la testimonial y la hermenéutica. Mientras que la primera se produce cuando los prejuicios llevan a un oyente a disminuir la credibilidad de los juicios de un emisor, no en un instante de exclusión accidental sino de forma estructural-sistemática, la segunda se corresponde con una fase anterior en la que una falta en los recursos de interpretación colectivos dificulta a un sujeto la comprensión de sus propias experiencias. (shrink)

In order to present the incidence of the dynamic turn in the logic of scientific research, we begin with a section, in this article, that deals with logical games as triggers of this dynamic turn in contemporary logic, together with the program of logical dynamics of information and interaction. We briefly introduce the main characteristics of the logic favorable to independence and the game-theoretical semantics, of dialogical logic, as well as the essential elements of this program. Although from any of (...) these points of view we have a list of logical tools to deal with more clearly epistemological issues, we highlight the role of dynamic epistemic logic, to which we dedicate the following section. There follows another one in which we enter the logical studies of abduction as one of the fundamental problems of contemporary epistemology and, in a new section, in terms of the theoretical constructs of the preceding sections, we present and explain a phenomenon that emerged in the field of linguistics, the case of the discovery of the Amazonian language pirahã, which should be considered an anomaly within the framework of the Chomskian theory. (shrink)

Although many of the factors that may influence donation have been identified, the timing of the interview in which families are asked for their authorisations seems to be decisive. However, there are few studies that analyse this process when the interview takes place. Qualitative techniques such as Participant Observation could help to better understand this process. One of the most recurring arguments against carrying out this type of study is the difficulty in complying with all the ethical requirements for any (...) research as defined in biomedical research guidelines and committees. This article aims to contribute to a discussion on the ethical viability of conducting an in situ study on family interviewing and proposes a strategy for minimising possible risks in designing a study of these characteristics. (shrink)

El objetivo del artículo es analizar la relación entre el bien común y el interés público como un hecho institucional desde la teoría de John Searle, una categoría de la que debe partir el saber/hacer contable para construir una sociedad más justa e inclusiva. El interés público debe conducir al bien común; sin embargo, en el marco de la regulación contable internacional, el concepto se ha privatizado vinculándose con el interés financiero. Los resultados del trabajo indican que es necesario reconstruir (...) el vínculo entre el bien común y el interés público en contabilidad; y que son los reguladores de la contabilidad quienes deben hacer uso y servir al hecho institucional BC/IP, proponiendo objetivos financieros y no financieros, tanto para el inversor bursátil como para las partes interesadas, sobreponiendo lo que es común y público al interés particular. El pilar fundamental de la sociedad es la “confianza” y esta se favorece por la aparición de instituciones y reglas 138 vinculadas a poderes deontológicos que reducen la complejidad y conducen a la cooperación, fundamento de la construcción de la realidad social. El paradigma que orientará este trabajo es el cualitativo, utilizando el enfoque hermenéutico y la técnica de revisión sistemática de la literatura. (shrink)

Image is said in many ways. In view of its equivocal nature, we could choose to clear its analytical path, replace its historical transit or give up. Instead, this paper proposes an alternative by reflecting on the temporal dimension of the image. For this reason, it makes use of two nodal reflections: the Benjaminian notion of dialectical image, and the link between image and emotions as explored contemporaneously by queer theory. The notion of dialectical image allows us to envision, even (...) beyond its author, another link between image and history, which allows us to understand it not only as a linguistic phenomenon, but also in its visual and audiovisual dimension. Queer theory in its affective turn has presented a possible link between images and affects that allows the composition of an ephemeral archive that declassifies our temporal categories (CVETKOVICH, 2018) and the ethical question about our primary responses in the face of the image (BUTLER, 2010). The journey through both notions addresses, ultimately, the temporality of images in its critical power, that old insistence on thinking of images that contain their own destruction. (shrink)

RESUMEN Más allá de ser un mero recurso ornamental, la alusión a los perros que hace Platón en diferentes pasajes de la República parece realizarse con miras a defender importantes tesis políticas. Este artículo tiene como propósito develar algunas de estas tesis y busca defender la elección que hace Platón del perro, de entre otros animales, para caracterizar la figura del guardián y del filósofo. El texto aborda la analogía presentada en República según la cual la disposición natural para vigilar (...) es el elemento común que comparte un buen cachorro con un joven de buen linaje y pone en el centro de su interés el rol que tiene el perro, descendiente de un antepasado más bestial y salvaje, el lobo, por ser capaz de sintetizar fiereza y mansedumbre por medio del aprendizaje y la domesticación. ABSTRACT Plato's reference to dogs in different passages of the Republic is more than a mere embellishment; it also serves to defend important political theses. The purpose of this article is to reveal some of these theses and to defend the author's choice of the dog, among other animals, to characterize the figures of the guardian and of the philosopher. The text discusses the analogy presented in the Republic according to which the natural disposition to guard is the common element shared between a puppy and a young man from good descent. The article focuses on the dog's role - descending from a wilder and more beastly animal, the wolf - as that of being able to synthesize fierceness and gentleness through learning and domestication. (shrink)

El conocimiento histórico –entendido como un proceso metacognitivo de asimilación constructiva sobre el pasado para explicar fenómenos– comporta un análisis del impacto y la transcendencia de determinados acontecimientos y procesos históricos, en cuya comprensión y valoración influye el concepto de relevancia histórica. Desde esta perspectiva es necesario implementar propuestas de evaluación sólidas, vinculadas al desarrollo competencial. El objetivo de este estudio es diseñar una guía de caracterización de los instrumentos evaluativos –actividades y ejercicios– más utilizados por el profesorado de Historia, (...) con el fin de optimizar los procesos de evaluación de esta competencia mediante una serie de descriptores estructurales, competenciales y transferenciales. Estos indicadores de pertinencia pueden marcar el camino de aquellos docentes que deseen perfeccionar su manera de evaluar lo históricamente determinante. En conclusión, este innovador planteamiento supone un proceso de formación continua del profesorado que contribuye a la mejora de la calidad educativa. (shrink)

A comienzos de 1970, con ayuda del Movimiento Rural de Acción Católica y la Juventud Cooperativista, miles de familias rurales dieron a luz a las Ligas Agrarias en distintas provincias de Argentina en reclamo por la tenencia de las tierras y mejores condiciones en la producción y comercialización de los productos agropecuarios. Emergían al calor de una serie de transformaciones histórico-políticas que sacudían por aquella época al país y a América Latina. Consideramos que las familias ocuparon un lugar protagónico en (...) las Ligas. En este sentido, se propone ahondar en la estructura y organización de las Ligas, en particular las que se desarrollaron en la región del Litoral, a partir de las estrategias de construcción política que llevaron adelante. Así, se traza el objetivo de indagar sobre los sentidos que los sujetos construyen en torno a la institución. Por último, en tanto se infiere que las mujeres debieron de ser las garantes del proceso de participación de toda la familia, analizamos la participación política y el lugar que ocuparon en la organización política agrarista. Ante un contexto dictatorial de persecución política y avanzada imperialista (1960-1970), las Ligas fueron una de las experiencias de resistencia política-cultural más importantes de América Latina. Se desplegaron y ampliaron su organización a lo largo de la década de 1970, hasta su abrupta disolución en 1976, con la última dictadura cívico-militar. Pese a los estragos que esta provocó, aún persisten en la memoria de sus participantes huellas de aquella experiencia de lucha. Esto obliga a posicionarnos desde un enfoque que se centra en los sentidos que los sujetos les imprimen a sus historias, a los modos en que narran y construyen memorias. De modo que el trabajo de campo constituye el eje articulador del oficio antropológico y las entrevistas en profundidad son una herramienta privilegiada para dar cuenta del valor testimonial de la palabra. Implícita, se encuentra la reflexión respecto de la construcción de conocimientos. Consideramos que las familias ocuparon un lugar protagónico en las Ligas. En este sentido, se propone ahondar en la estructura y organización de las Ligas, en particular las que se desarrollaron en la región del litoral, a partir de las estrategias de construcción política que llevaron adelante. Así, se traza el objetivo de indagar sobre los sentidos que los sujetos construyen en torno a la institución. Por último, en tanto se infiere que las mujeres debieron de ser las garantes del proceso de participación de toda la familia, analizamos la participación política y el lugar que éstas ocuparon en la organización política agrarista. Ante un contexto dictatorial de persecución política y avanzada imperialista, las Ligas fueron una de las experiencias de resistencia política-cultural más importantes de América Latina. Pese a los estragos que la última dictadura cívico-militar provocó, aún persiste en la memoria de sus participantes, aquella experiencia de lucha. Esto obliga a posicionarnos desde un enfoque que se centra en los sentidos que los sujetos le imprimen a sus historias, a los modos en que narran y construyen memorias. De modo que el trabajo de campo constituye el eje articulador del oficio antropológico y las entrevistas en profundidad, una herramienta privilegiada para dar cuenta del valor testimonial de la palabra. Implícita se encuentra la reflexión respecto a la construcción de conocimientos. (shrink)

For years, the sexual and reproductive health of women with intellectual and developmental disability or disabilities has been insufficiently addressed by institutions and family members due to a lack of information, training, and, sometimes, religious issues. In this context, contraceptive digital pills can enhance the sexual and reproductive control of this population group. Digital pills could help to improve adherence to treatments aimed to prevent unwanted pregnancies, as well as allowing women and their caregivers to exert better drug intake control. (...) However, there are some ethical risks to consider that may outweigh these benefits. This study sets out to explore the ethical considerations that should be taken into account in the case of a potential roll‐out of contraceptive digital pills as a way of improving the sexual and reproductive health of these women. (shrink)

This paper investigates the intersection of architecture, philosophy, and sexual difference in Plato’s notion of khōra as it appears in the Timaeus. By engaging first with Jacques Derrida's deconstruction of Plato’s khōra, the paper shows how the interplay between architecture and philosophy not only reflects but also perpetuates patriarchal structures. Khōra, sometimes solely described as a passive receptacle, stages a complex relationship with femininity that challenges traditional notions of space and identity. Drawing on the works of feminist theorists such as (...) Julia Kristeva and Fanny Söderbäck, the paper examines how khōra serves as a foundational moment in the construction of sexual difference within philosophical discourse. Ultimately, this exploration calls for a reimagining of khōra as a site of resistance and transformation—one that, while existing before the architect-demiurge created the universe, nonetheless conditions his work. (shrink)

The debate over the improvement of moral capacity or moral enhancement through pharmacology has gained momentum in the last decade as a result of advances in neuroscience. These advances have led to the discovery and allowed the alteration of patterns of human behavior, and have permitted direct interventions on the neuronal structure of behavior. In recent years, this analysis has deepened regarding the anthropological foundations of morality and the reasons that would justify the acceptance or rejection of such technology. We (...) present a review of proposals for pharmacological interventions directed directly towards moral enhancement. In addition, we identify the ethical dilemmas that such interventions may generate, as well as the moral assessment of the authors of these studies. There is a moderate consensus on the risks of any intervention on the intimate structure of the human condition, its autonomy and identity, but there are large differences in explaining the reasons for this concern and especially in justifying such interventions. These findings show that it is necessary to investigate the moral assessment of authors and the ethical dimension within the field of pharmacology in order to identify future trends. (shrink)

Altruism and solidarity are concepts that are closely related to organ donation for transplantation. On the one hand, they are typically used for encouraging people to donate. On the other hand, they also underpin the regulations in force in each country to different extents. They are often used indistinctly and equivocally, despite the different ethical implications of each concept. This paper aims to clarify to what extent we can speak of altruism and solidarity in the predominant models of organ donation. (...) It also raises the ethical question of whether these categories are adequate as a basis for such models, bearing in mind that organs are a scarce resource and that a shortage of them may mean that fewer lives are saved or improved. (shrink)

O artigo aborda a relação entre masculinidade e intimidade e tem como objetivo mostrar como os modos como os modos de pensar e vivenciar as intimidades dos homens na AMBA afetam o modo como eles constroem uma subjetividade que se evidencia na transformação. Partindo de uma investigação socioantropológica baseada em entrevistas semiestruturadas com homens de setores médios e populares da AMBA e trabalhando com histórias de vida, focamos em particular nas formas de pensar e vivenciar intimidades para e por homens (...) e como elas estão ligadas às transformações e disputas nas próprias subjetividades masculinas. Interessa-nos, em primeiro lugar, reconstruir o lugar que a intimidade teve na emergência da modernidade e na consolidação das esferas pública e privada e depois analisar a forma como a esfericalização do mundo permitiu a construção de uma série de oposições e dualismos e, mais contemporaneamente, permitiu-nos começar a pensar num tipo de intimidade sobreposta ao mundo público. Em segundo lugar, refletir sobre os limites e possibilidades de modificação das identidades genéricas na reconfiguração das suas intimidades a partir das transformações contemporâneas nos modos de sobreposição entre o público e o privado. (shrink)

In order to present the incidence of the dynamic turn in the logic of scientific research, we begin with a section, in this article, that deals with logical games as triggers of this dynamic turn in contemporary logic, together with the program of logical dynamics of information and interaction. We briefly introduce the main characteristics of the logic favorable to independence and the game-theoretical semantics, of dialogical logic, as well as the essential elements of this program. Although from any of (...) these points of view we have a list of logical tools to deal with more clearly epistemological issues, we highlight the role of dynamic epistemic logic, to which we dedicate the following section. There follows another one in which we enter the logical studies of abduction as one of the fundamental problems of contemporary epistemology and, in a new section, in terms of the theoretical constructs of the preceding sections, we present and explain a phenomenon that emerged in the field of linguistics, the case of the discovery of the Amazonian language pirahã, which should be considered an anomaly within the framework of the Chomskian theory. (shrink)

Background Currently a variety of novel scenarios have appeared within nursing practice such as confidentiality of a patient victim of abuse, justice in insolvent patients, poorly informed consent delivery, non-satisfactory medicine outputs, or the possibility to reject a recommended treatment. These scenarios presuppose skills that are not usually acquired during the degree. Thus, the implementation of teaching approaches that promote the acquisition of these skills in the nursing curriculum is increasingly relevant. Objective The article analyzes an academic model which integrates (...) in the curriculum a series of specific theoretical concepts together with practical skills to acquire the basic ethic assessment competency. Research design The project includes designing two subjects, General Anthropology and Ethics-Bioethics, with an applied approach in the nursing curriculum. The sequential structure of the curriculum in both subjects is constituted by three learning domains (theoretical, practical, and communicative) with different educational strategies. Ethical considerations No significant ethical considerations as this is a discussion paper. Findings The model was structured from the anthropology’s concepts and decision-making process, applied to real situations. The structure of the three domains theoretical–practical–communicative is present in each session. Discussion It is observed that theoretical domain fosters the capacity for critical analysis and subsequent ability to judge diverse situations. The practical domain reflected two significant difficulties: students’ resistance to internalizing moral problems and the tendency to superficial criticism. The communicative domain has frequently shown that the conflicting points are in the principles to be applied. Conclusion We conclude that this design achieves its objectives and may provide future nursing professionals with ethical competences especially useful in healthcare practice. The three domains of the presented scheme are associated with the same process used in decision making at individual levels, where the exercise of clinical prudence acquires particular relevance. (shrink)

En el campo de la filosofía de la religión se destaca el libro Creencia y racionalidad (Romerales, 1992), por su calidad, originalidad y en especial por sus aportaciones como las de John Hick, Anthony Flew, Alvin Plantinga, o Richard Swinburne. El mencionado libro recoge algunos de los artículos más destacados de estos y otros autores en torno a la racionalidad de las creencias religiosas. Aparecen tres posiciones que se encuentran expuestas mediante parábolas. Aquí Karl Popper somete una teoría a una (...) serie de refutaciones con el fin de desmentirla, y así saber que tan confiable y científica resulta ser. (shrink)

The development of assistive robotics and anthropomorphic AI allows machines to increasingly enter into the daily lives of human beings and gradually become part of their lives. Robots have made a strong entry in the field of assistive behaviour. In this chapter, we will ask to what extent technology can satisfy people’s personal needs and desires as compared to human agents in the field of care. The industry of assistive technology burst out of the gate at the beginning of the (...) century with very strong innovation and development and is currently attracting large sources of public and private investment and public attention. We believe that a better-defined and more fundamental philosophical-ethical analysis of the values at stake in care robots is needed. To this end, we will focus on the current status of care robots (types of care robots, their functioning and their design) and we will provide a philosophical-ethical analysis that offers a solid framework for the debate surrounding the potential risks and benefits of implementing assistive robots in people’s daily lives. (shrink)

Tourism, as an industry, has become one of the most dynamic sectors of the world economy these days and has specific features that are different from other industries. In the tourism industry, production and consumption points occur spatially at the same time. In addition, the tourism industry contributes to the economic growth of developed regions and can simultaneously distribute the wealth created geographically. It is notable that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused many challenges in the tourism industry (...) regarding the presence of tourists in tourism centres and the closing of all tourism service chains, including food, entertainment, transportation and travel services worldwide. Tourism-related businesses, which are considered as invisible export and one of the engines of development and occupation, have been rendered obsolete. In other words, the businesses, as well as multiple units and activities in the related chain, have been damaged and employees of this industry have lost their jobs. This has led to the recession and regressive course of the developing and large industry of tourism in the world. It is worth noting that the tourism industry includes various sections, the most important of which is religious tourism. All religions in the world have different religious places, works, traditions and customs, which have become amongst the most important tourist attractions. Meanwhile, Muslims and the religion of Islam play a significant role in this branch of tourism. The Hajj, pilgrimage to holy places and the existence of mourning ceremonies or religious celebrations of Muslims are amongst the largest religious tourism events in the world. Given the importance of this issue, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religious tourism in Iraq in 2021. This field study was conducted on 4500 Muslim managers and staff of restaurants, hotels, grocery stores, clothing stores and souvenir shops around the holy shrines of imams and religious places in Karbala, Najaf, Kufa, Samarra and Kazemi. According to the results, the tourism of Iraq, which is mainly limited to Muslim religious sites in several major Iraqi cities, has also seen a decline in the number of religious tourists. The negative effects of COVID-19 on religious tourism have also been proved statistically by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), as µ ≥ 3 has been counted in all indices.Contribution: Our findings offered new insights into the impact of COVID-19 on tourism, based on statistical analysis. In this study, the authors showed how COVID-19 affects various aspects of religious tourism, which has not been addressed in previous researches. (shrink)